Channel: Reviews http://cjbmb.bjmu.edu.cn EN-US http://cjbmb.bjmu.edu.cn/EN/current.shtml http://cjbmb.bjmu.edu.cn 5 N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is responsible for catalyzing the acetylation of both lysine and cytidine residues. At present, plenty of studies have revealed that these acetylation modifications play vital roles in numerous physiological processes, such as telomerase activity, stress response, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, rRNA biosynthesis regulation, mRNA stability, and translation. Additionally, NAT10 has a strong association with the progression and prognosis of human cancers and Hutchinson-Gilford premature aging syndrome (HGPS). However, there are still some limitations. For example, the complete structure of NAT10 and the impact of these structures on functions are still unknown, the cellular functions mediated by NAT10 remain unclear and the exact mechanism by which NAT10 influences human cancers and HGPS progression is needed to be clarified. This review covers the structure, enzymatic activity, biological functions, as well as roles in diseases of NAT10. We also propose the limitations of current research and envision the future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for NAT10 research.]]> in vitro physiological or pathological models, regenerative medicine, and clinical research within this domain.]]>